Events	People
1st Century
33 - Pentecost 70 - Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem
2nd Century
150 - Justin Martyr describes liturgy	Author: Justin Martyr (100 - 165)
3rd Century
c. 200 - First form of pipe organ is invented 250 - Christian council of Carthage 285 - Roman empire partitioned into Western and Eastern empires
4th Century
313 - The Roman Emperor Constantine I converts to Christianity 325 - First Ecumenical Council and the Nicene Creed 397 - Synod of Carthage ratifies biblical canon	Author: St. Augustine of Hippo (354 - 430) Author: Ambrose of Milan (340 - 397) Author: John Chrysostom (349 - 407)
5th Century
491 - Armenian Church seceds from East (Byzantium) and West (Rome) churches	Author: Aurelius Clements Prudentius (348 - 413) Author: Nicetas, Bishop of Remesiana (335 - 414) Author: Synesius of Cyrene (375 - 430)
6th Century
589 - Filiogue added to Nicene Creed	Author: Columba (521 - 597) Author: Venantius H. C. Fortunatus (530 - 609) Author: Gregory I (540 - 604)
7th Century
	Author: Andrew of Crete (660 - 732)
8th Century
	Author: Dallan Forgaill (8th century) Author: John of Damascus (700 - 754)
9th Century
	Author: Theodulph of Orleans (760 - 821) Author: Rabanus Maurus (776 - 856) Author: Kassia (810 - 867)
10th Century
c. 1000 - Transverse flutes appear, but remain unpopular until 1400's	Author: Odo of Arezzo (10th century) Author: St. Gregory of Narek (951 - 1003)
11th Century
1054 - The Great Schism between Roman and Eastern Orthodox churches 1095 - The start of the Crusades	Author: Bernard of Clairvaux (1091 - 1153) Author: Pierre Abelard (1079 - 1142) Composer: Hildegard of Bingen (1098 - 1179) Composer: Petrus Abaelardus (1079 - 1142)
12th Century
c. 1100 - Chalumeau (early clarinet) invented	Author: Francis of Assisi (1182 - 1226) Author: Bernard of Cluny (12th century) Composer: Hildegard von Bingen (1098 - 1179) Composer: Perotin Magister (c. 1155 - c. 1250) Composer: Philippe Le Chancelier (c. 1165 - 1236) Composer: Walter von Der Vogelweide (c. 1170 - c. 1230)
13th Century
c. 1200 - Emergence of modern style pipe organs 1204 - The sack of Constantinople 1291 - The end of the Crusades	Author: Stephen Langton (c. 1150 - 1228) Author: St. Thomas Aquinas (1225 - 1274) Author: St. Mechthild (1240 - 1298) Author: Thomas of Celano (c. 1200 - c. 1270) Composer: Alfonso X "El Sabio" (1221 - 1284)
14th Century
c. 1300 - Harpsichord invented c. 1300 - Rebec (early forerunner of violin family) invented 1382 - John Wycliffe completes Bible translation to English	Author: Daniel ben Judah (14th century) Author: Pope Innocent VI (1295 - 1362) Medieval Musical Period Composers Composer: Guillaume de Machaut (1300 - 1377) Composer: John Dunstaple (c. 1390 - 1453) Composer: Philippe de Vitry (1291 - 1361) Composer: Pierre Des Molins (fl. c. 1375) Composer: Ghirardello da Firenza (fl. c. 1375) Composer: Lorenzo da Firenza (fl. c. 1375) Composer: Jacopo da Bologna (fl. c. 1375) Composer: Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300 - 1377) Composer: Francesco Landini (1325 - 1397) Composer: Pycard (fl. c. 1390) Composer: Franchois Lebertoul (fl. c. 1400) Composer: Johannes Ciconia (c. 1335 - 1411)
15th Century
c. 1400 - Viol (early violin) invented	Author: Jean Tisserand (? - 1494) Renaissance Musical Period Composers Composer: Josquin Desprez (c.1440 - 1521)
16th Century
c. 1500 - Violin invented in Italy 1517 - Luther's questions ignite the resolution 1529 - Foundation of the Church of England 1530 - Martin Luther founds the Lutheran Church, Augsburg Confession 1560 - Scotch Presbyterian Church founded by John Knox	Author: Martin Luther (1483 - 1546) Author: John Calvin (1509 - 1564) Author: William Kethe (16th century) Author: Joachim Magdeburg (16th century) Author: Petrus Herbert (1500 - 1571) Author: Johann Heermann (1585 - 1647) Author: William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) Renaissance Musical Period Composers Composer: Michael Praetorius (1571 - 1621) Composer: Giovanni Palestrina (c.1525 - 1594) Composer: William Byrd (1543 - 1623) Composer: Claudio Monteverdi (1567 - 1643)
17th Century
c. 1600 - Clarinet invented in Germany by Johann Christoph Denner c. 1600 - Hautbois (early Oboe) invented in France 1609 - Baptist Church founded by John Smyth 1611 - King James Bible authorized version completed	Author: Paul Gerhardt (1607 - 1676) Author: George Herbert (1593 - 1633) Author: Thomas Ken (1637 - 1711) Author: Laurentius Laurenti (1660 - 1722) Author: John Mason (1645 - 1694) Author: John Milton (1608 - 1674) Author: Joachim Neander (1650 - 1680) Baroque Musical Period Composers Composer: Henry Purcell (1659 - 1695) Composer: Antonio Vivaldi (1678 - 1741) Composer: Johann Pachelbel (1653 - 1706) Composer: Domenico Scarlatti (1685 - 1757) Composer: Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750) Composer: Georg Frideric Handel (1685 - 1759)
18th Century
1720 - Pianoforte (or piano) invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori 1738 - Methodist Church founded by Reverend John Wesley	Author: William Cowper (1731 - 1800) Author: Isaac Watts (1674 - 1748) Author: John Newton (1725 - 1807) Author: Charles Wesley (1707 - 1788) Classical Musical Period Composers Composer: Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714 - 1787) Composer: Joseph Haydn (1732 - 1809) Composer: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 - 1791) Composer: Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827) Early Romantic Period Composers Composer: Carl Maria von Weber (1786 - 1826) Composer: Franz Schubert (1797 - 1828) Composer: Gioacchino Rossini (1792 - 1868)
19th Century
1894 - Revised Version of the Bible of the completed 1840 - Saxophone invented by Adolphe Sax	Author: John Greenleaf Whittier (1807 - 1892) Author: Joseph Medlicott Scriven (1820 - 1886) Author: Charlotte Elliott (1789 - 1871) Author: Julia Ward Howe (1819 - 1910) Author: Frances Jane Crosby (1820 - 1915) Romantic Period Composers Composer: Hector Berlioz (1803 - 1869) Composer: Felix Mendelssohn (1809 - 1847) Composer: Frederik Chopin (1810 - 1849) Composer: Robert Schumann (1810 - 1856) Composer: Franz Liszt (1811 - 1886) Composer: Richard Wagner (1813 - 1883) Composer: Giuseppe Verdi (1813 - 1901) Composer: César Franck (1822 - 1890) Composer: Bedrich Smetana (1824 - 1884) Composer: Anton Bruckner (1824 - 1896) Composer: Johann Strauss II (1825 - 1899) Late Romantic Period Composers Composer: Johannes Brahms (1833 - 1897) Composer: Camille Saint-Saëns (1835 - 1921) Composer: Modest Mussorgsky (1839 - 1881) Composer: Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840 - 1893) Composer: Edvard Grieg (1843 - 1907) Post Romantic Period Composers Composer: Antonin Dvorák (1841 - 1904) Composer: Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 - 1908) Composer: Leos Janácek (1854 - 1928) Composer: Edward Elgar (1857 - 1934) Composer: Gabriel Urbain Fauré (1845 - 1924) Composer: Giacomo Puccini (1858 - 1924) Composer: Gustav Mahler (1860 - 1911) Modern Romantic Period Composers Composer: Richard Strauss (1864 - 1949) Composer: Carl Nielsen (1865 - 1931) Composer: Jean Sibelius (1865 - 1957) Composer: Sergei Rachmaninov (1873 - 1943) Impressionist Period Composers Composer: Claude Debussy (1862 - 1918) Composer: Maurice Ravel (1875 - 1937) Modern Period Composers Composer: Arnold Schoenberg (1874 - 1951) Composer: Béla Bartók (1881 - 1945) Composer: Igor Stravinsky (1882 - 1971) Composer: Anton Webern (1883 - 1945) Composer: Alban Berg (1885 - 1935) Composer: Sergei Prokofiev (1891 - 1953)
20th Century
	Author: Carl Boberg (1859 - 1940) Contemporary Period Composers Composer: Aaron Copeland (1900 - 1990) Composer: Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872 - 1958) Composer: George Gershwin (1898 - 1937) Composer: Dmitri Shostakovich (1906 - 1975) Composer: Olivier Messiaen (1908 - 1992) Composer: Benjamin Britten (1913 - 1976) Composer: Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928 - ) Composer: Alice Parker (1925 - ) Composer: John Milford Rutter CBE (1945 - )